法国埃菲尔铁塔
国际新闻 2022-11-24 06:50www.worldometers.cn最新国际新闻
埃菲尔铁塔建于1887~1889年，位于法国巴黎、塞纳河左岸的战神广场。1889年适逢法国资产阶级大革命100周年，法国政府决定隆重庆祝，在巴黎举行一个规模空前的世界博览会，以展示工业技术文化方面的成就，并建造一座象征法国大革命和巴黎的纪念丰碑。筹委会在700多件应征方案里，选中了桥梁工程师埃菲尔的设计—一座象征机器文明、在巴黎任何角落都能望见的巨塔。
埃菲尔设计的铁塔草图刚提出，即遭到了大部分巴黎人的冷淡和拒绝。虽然埃菲尔宣称“法兰西将是全世界唯一把国旗悬挂在300多米高的国家”，但一时也无法说服各阶层的反对者。巴黎的许多文学家、艺术家群起反对，认为这座用“顽铁和铆钉构成的怪物”会破坏艺术之都巴黎的风景，有300多人签名呼吁、阻止铁塔方案的通过和施工。但埃菲尔不改初衷，决定自己出资兴建，几经周折，铁塔终于在塞纳河的左岸建成，并以设计者居斯塔夫·埃菲尔的名字命名。
如今，铁塔的观光价值更超过其他的作用，天气晴朗时，在塔上可目极方圆六、七是公里的风光，把巴黎尽收眼底。入夜后，铁塔在彩灯、喷泉的映照下，璀璨明艳。
埃菲尔铁塔高324米，塔基占地约1万平方米，除四座塔墩为水泥浇铸外，塔身全是钢铁，由1.8万余个部件、250万个铆钉铆接而成，重约7000吨。
塔身分三层，每一层均有平台和高栏，平台上还设计小卖部、茶座。首层距地面57米，由四条向外撑开的墩柱支撑，下面是东南西北四座圆拱门；第二层距地面115米，此处铁架突然收缩，形成窜天的雄姿；第三层距地面276米，四条钢架合成一股，形成一条柔和优美的整体轮廓线。游人可沿盘旋的1710级楼梯拾级而上，也可以乘坐电梯升上各层平台。
1964年，铁塔被列为不得拆除的名胜史迹。它成为法国和巴黎的一个重要景点，是现代巴黎的标志，它显示出法国人异想天开式的浪漫情趣、艺术品位、创新魄力和幽默感。
Eiffel Tower is one of the world’s premier tourist attractions.
It was built as a symbolic structure for the Centennial Exposition of 1889 to commemorate the French Revolution.
It is a 320 meters tall tower of open-lattice wrought iron, and a landmark in building-construction history. When it was built it was by far the tallest structure in the world{2}—twice as tall as St. Peter’s in the Vatican or the Great Pyramid of Giza. Plus, in contrast to such older monuments, it was raised in a matter of months, with a small labor force.
It takes its name from its designer, the noted bridge engineer Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel.{3}
This replica is built on a scale of 1:3. It is 108 meters (355 feet) tall. It has three observatory platforms. The first one can be reached by stairs and the other two by elevators. One elevator goes nonstop from the ground to the middle platform, but you’ll have to buy tickets if you want to take the elevators. There's no charge to climb to the first platform, but you'll have to buy tickets if you want to take the elevators.
Notes:
1 It was built from 1887 to 1889.
2 It was originally 300 meters (984 feet) tall. It remained the tallest structure in the world until 1930 with the completion of the Chrysler Building in New York City.
3 He amazed the world with the construction of the Tower, which brought him the nickname "magician of iron". His design was originally met with no little opposition on aesthetic grounds, however.
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